Wednesday, January 16, 2013

CORRECTED--NASA: Closest in Recorded History Asteroid Flyby on February 15 Probably Uneventful

 I had AU's rather than LD's for the distance, thanks to a reader for the catch.
The asteroid will be closer than a geosynchronous satellite at 0.09 Lunar Distance.
There is one slightly troubling bit. The famously precise NASA press releases hedge a bit:
...About 4 minutes after its Earth close approach, there is a good chance it will pass into the Earth's shadow for about 18 minutes or so.... 
"Good chance"?
"..Or so"?

First up from Cosmos, Oct. 30, 2012:

Closest asteroid in recorded history to pass Earth 
SYDNEY: An asteroid the size of a city block is due to come whizzing past Earth in February next year, closer than any other of its size in recorded history, according to astronomers.

The asteroid, referred to as 2012 DA14, has a diameter of approximately 45m and an estimated mass of 130,000 tonnes. It was discovered at the start of 2012 and is set to travel between the Earth and our geostationary communication satellites on 15 February 2013. At a distance of just 22,500km this will be the closest asteroid ‘fly by’ in recorded history.

Asteroid and comet researchers will be gathering at the University of Central Florida (UCF) in Orlando, U.S., to watch the event, but experts say there is no chance of a collision – this time.
“I think perhaps the most important thing about this asteroid is that it reminds us that the threat from such objects is very real,” said Jonti Horner, an independent astronomer at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia.

The destructive force of an atomic bomb
It is important to monitor all asteroids that pass close by in case any are on a collision course with Earth. NASA has identified 4,700 asteroids that are potential threats to us, some of which are up to two or three kilometres in diameter.

Any asteroid likely to collide with Earth must have its composition and structure analysed so that it can be deflected, according to a statement from UCF.
A collision with even a small asteroid could be disastrous, with an impact from 2012 DA14 estimated to equal the destructive force of an atomic bomb. “The world's most famous impact crater – the Barringer Crater in Arizona, U.S. – which is about 1,200m in diameter and 170m deep, was formed when an object thought to have been just 50m in diameter hit the Earth,” said Horner.

“An incredibly near miss”
“While it's not unusual for asteroids to come close to the Earth, there are a couple of reasons the approach of this one is particularly exciting for astronomers,” said Horner....MORE
From the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Near-Earth Object Program:
Near-Earth Asteroid 2012 DA14 to Miss Earth on February 15, 2013 

In this oblique view, the path of near-Earth asteroid 
2012 DA14 is seen passing close to Earth on Feb. 15, 2013

In this oblique view, the path of near-Earth asteroid
 2012 DA14 is seen passing close to Earth on Feb. 15, 2013.
Discovered by the LaSagra observatory in southern Spain, the small asteroid 2012 DA14 will pass within about 3.5 Earth radii of the Earth's surface on February 15, 2013. Although its size is not well determined, this near-Earth asteroid is thought to be about 45 meters in diameter. Asteroid 2012 DA14 will pass inside the geosynchronous satellite ring, located about 35,800 km above the equator. Its orbit about the sun can bring it no closer to the Earth's surface than 3.2 Earth radii on February 15, 2013. On this date, the asteroid will travel rapidly from the southern evening sky into the northern morning sky with its closest Earth approach occurring about 19:26 UTC when it will achieve a magnitude of less than seven, which is somewhat fainter than naked eye visibility. About 4 minutes after its Earth close approach, there is a good chance it will pass into the Earth's shadow for about 18 minutes or so before reappearing from the eclipse. When traveling rapidly into the northern morning sky, 2012 DA14 will quickly fade in brightness. 


Also from NASA, a video you'll probably be seeing everywhere:


Here's some reassurance that we probably won't get hit by this one until 16:31 Universal Coordinated Time on February 16, 2110.

Finally, from EarthSky:
Asteroid 2012 DA14 to sweep close on February 15, 2013
...What do we know about asteroid 2012 DA14?
Asteroid 2012 DA14 is a little guy, compared to some asteroids, although its size has not been pinned down precisely. It is thought to be about 45 meters across (nearly 150 feet across), with an estimated mass of about 130,000 metric tons.

If a space object 150 feet wide were to strike our planet, it wouldn’t be Earth-destroying. But it has been estimated that it would produce the equivalent of 2.4 megatons of TNT. How does that compare with other known impact events on Earth? In 1908, in a remote part of Russia, an explosion killed reindeer and flattened trees. But no crater was ever found. Scientists now believe a small comet struck Earth. That event has been estimated at 3 to 20 megatons. So 2012 DA14 is in the same approximate realm as the Tunguska comet (which, actually, might have been an asteroid instead). It would not destroy Earth, but it could flatten a city.

Of course, about 70% of our world is covered by oceans. That means the most likely landing spot of any incoming asteroid is in the water – not on a city or other populated area...MORE  
Now you know why I was checking in at the cat bond/reinsurance site Artemis this morning:
"Solar weather and geomagnetic storms a threat to re/insurance industry: Aon Benfield"