Tuesday, April 27, 2021

We Will Be Changing Our Risk Tolerance Questionaire

Having spent years refining the "Wanna cut the cards for 10,000" test for measurement of real-life* toleration of loss it is hard to let it go but, well, this is the University of Chicago's Booth School of Business so who am I to argue?

"Have you been vaccinated?"

From ChicagoBoothReview:

Financial-risk preferences predict vaccine acceptance

The US Food and Drug Administration’s emergency authorization of three COVID-19 vaccines in a span of three months was welcome news to many who were eager to get inoculated; but for others, it spelled risk. According to polls in recent months, about a third of American adults, including some health-care workers, have reported being skeptical of the vaccines’ safety—or said they would refuse one if offered. 

It’s generally accepted that health status, income, and race may influence vaccine hesitancy, but research by Vanderbilt’s Jennifer S. Trueblood, Chicago Booth’s Abigail Sussman, and Booth postdoctoral scholar Daniel O’Leary finds that aversion to financial risk may also predict vaccine hesitancy. Their study suggests that public-health messages that take risk tolerance into account could encourage vaccine take-up.

The researchers looked at data from surveys they conducted from June to December 2020, which asked respondents a range of questions, some pertaining to psychological variables, such as risk preferences, and others to attitudes and beliefs about the pandemic, such as openness to vaccines. For most of this time period, vaccines were still in the process of being tested and authorized, so efficacy and safety remained unknown. The surveys were given in waves, mostly weekly, and included more than 34,000 US participants in total. 

The researchers were particularly interested in how likely respondents said they’d be to get a vaccine if it was authorized by the FDA on either a standard time frame or an expedited one. They correlated the responses with two measures of financial-risk tolerance: how regularly participants played the lottery and how likely they were to risk money in a theoretical gambling scenario....

....MORE

Hmmmm, I may have read that wrong and gotten the point of the story backward. But maybe not. Does the causality go both ways?

And which direction is the arrow of time pointed?

While I ponder those questions here's the front page of the Review:

Finance, Behavioral Science, Economics, all that stuff.

*Real-life, because in the abstract people think they will brave dragons and ninjas and lasers and shit. 

Previously from the CBR:

"The 300 secrets* to high stock returns..."
"...*Caveat: Most of them probably won’t work"

"Text-reading machines can predict share prices"
Apparently not all bleepin' text readers....

Chicago Booth: “Political Engagement by Corporations Derives from and is Focused on Seeking Monopolistic Power”

Fama - French On the Shrinking Value-Stock Premium 

"How bookies can outwit smart bettors: A solution to a fundamental problem for market makers..."

"A new explanation for stock market returns: Short memories"

And from UofChi's Capital Ideas blog, which was subsumed into the CBR:
"Are video games killing work for young men?"

Today In Lesser-Known Derivatives: "US futures traders gorge on cheddar amid race to lock in supplies"

 From the Financial Times, April 26:

Block cheese market volumes soar as economy reopens and anticipation of grilling season
Traders in US cheese futures now hold contracts worth 64m pounds of block cheddar, a sharp increase from the start of the year, with companies racing to lock in supplies in anticipation of accelerating demand as the American economy reopens from coronavirus lockdowns. 

Outstanding volumes in the Chicago Mercantile Exchange’s block cheese futures market has soared to 3,200 contracts, up from 469 at the start of this year and the highest level since the futures were launched in January 2020.

The jolt of trading activity comes after a stronger than expected recovery in US restaurant sales as well as expectations of continued robust demand from households ahead of the American grilling season. 
Prices for the 20,000 pound blocks of cheese for June delivery have eased to around $1.87 a pound from highs of almost $2 earlier this month....  
"Honey, did you remember the cheese?"
"Umm, yeah, about that, how much room do we have in the refrigerators?" 
This must be a new series of futures contracts because years ago we looked at the dairy complex:
..."Ironically, Milk Futures Are Not Very Liquid":
We don't have many posts* on the dairy business, every couple years or so I break out the "What's Mooving" headline but the business, at least the way (whey?) it's structured in the U.S. is tough to trade from a portfolio perspective. In addition it seems to foment (ferment?) some simply awful puns in folks who write about it.

The futures are currently in backwardation, not that anyone cares....

*Back in 2010 we had a post, "CME Group expands dairy complex with cheese futures" which I intro'd with:

Years ago I heard of a Chicago company that made a whey-based artificial cheese.

Apparently the operation was headed by a mad scientist type who had come up with the formula but had no marketing ability.

He was producing the stuff and not selling any, converting all the investors cash into this "analog" goop and storing it in Chicago area warehouses.

Then the Chernobyl reactor blew, the price of whey skyrocketed, I've no idea what the connection was, the company went broke and the receivers opened the warehouses to find tons of this 'cheeze', semi-molten in the summer heat.

That's what I thought of when I saw this story, tons of the stuff oozing out of bonded warehouses. No connection of course, just a visual....

And with that, we start our countdown to the resumption of the Cooper's Hill Cheese-Rolling and Wake for 2022 (CXL'd in 2020 and 2021):

https://i2-prod.gloucestershirelive.co.uk/incoming/article2913145.ece/ALTERNATES/s810/0_TWM_GLO_270519_cheeserolling_1016JPG.jpg

From GloucestershireLive, the 2019 contest (note cheese wheel left, lower)

Here's the 2017 report:

2nd June 2017 
Reluctant locals forced to participate in cheese rolling
UNWILLING Gloucestershire residents have been made to chase a wheel of cheese down a hill by Londoners wanting to see authentic rural life.

To the chagrin of the locals, they were forced to recreate their proud tradition of risking life and limb running down a near-vertical gradient in pursuit of cheese for the amusement of weekend visitors.
Tom Logan of Stroud said: “We don’t actually do stuff like this any more. I’m an IT consultant.
“If I need cheese I just go to Tesco. Even a really big cheese doesn’t excite me to the point where I’d be willing to break an ankle.

“But they said we had to, and they’re rich, and if they sold up property values round here would collapse, so we all chased a cheese down a hill and my solicitor’s fractured two vertebrae.”...MORE
If you go, bet on this guy:
Chris Anderson

Re/Insurance: "More hurricane forecasts call for above-average 2021 Atlantic season"

A quick note on terminology for normal people who don't obsess about this stuff:

  • ENSO = the El Niño/Southern Oscillation
  • ENSO Neutral = the ocean surface temperature anomaly in the ENSO 3.4 region is between +0.5°C and -0.5°C.
  • El Niño/La Niña conditions exist when the anomaly is greater than (Niño) or less than (Niña) the half-degree cut-off for neutral.
  • A full blown El Niño/La Niña is declared when the conditions persist for three overlapping three-month periods i.e. five consecutive months.

 Here's the most recent (April 19, 2021) plume of the model run ENSO forecasts from IRI/Columbia:

https://iri.columbia.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/figure4.png

Following the NOAA Climate Prediction Center consolidated forecast (heavy blue line) La Niña conditions will be meandering to ENSO-neutral but then  head back toward a possible full-blown La Niña right in the gut of the hurricane season (average peak = September 10)

From Artemis:

Two more 2021 Atlantic hurricane season forecasts from teams that we track here at Artemis have now been published and both echo other forecast teams we’ve already covered, in calling for this year to see hurricane activity above both the long and near-term averages.

Hurricane season is now fast-approaching for the insurance, reinsurance and insurance-linked securities (ILS) industry and with every forecast release it becomes clearer there is a strong chance of another year that keeps the market on its toes from June through November.

First, the Weather Company, a meteorology specialist unit of tech firm IBM, which has called for 18 named storms, 8 hurricanes and 3 major hurricanes with Category 3 or greater winds, to form during the 2021 season in the Atlantic basin.

However, while an above-average season is predicted in these numbers, the Weather Company does not believe conditions are conducive for a repeat of the hyperactive levels of storm formation and landfalls we saw in the 2020 Atlantic hurricane season.

“While there is upside to the season, we expect nothing approaching last year’s activity,” Dr. Todd Crawford, chief meteorologist at The Weather Company explained.

Like most other forecasters, one of the potential catalysts for a more active hurricane season this year is the fact that while La Niña may be fading, its influence on the atmosphere may not fade in time for hurricane season, the Weather Company said.

Crawford highlighted, “There is still a nice big batch of anomalously warm water near Indonesia that continues to drive the tropical base state signal.”

Even if the La Nina itself fizzles out, the Weather Company believes that conditions may still drive the kind of Atlantic season we’d expect during a La Nina year, given the transition away from it to ENSO neutral or El Nino is expected to be a slow one....

....MUCH MORE

Elevated Housing Prices May Stick Around For A While

We might see some inventory coming on the market when potential sellers get more comfortable with strangers walking through their homes as in the days of yore. And if the kinks in the lumber biz get straightened out we would see more newbuilds.That said there is a large gap between supply and demand.

From Upfina, April 26:

A Catalyst For Higher Stocks?

As we have been discussing for about 3 quarters, the US housing market is on fire. COVID-19 spurred on the demand originally created by demographics. This trend was already going to occur anyway. Lower rates and the need to move out of cities accelerated the trend; home builders weren’t ready. This is too good of a market for homebuilders although commodities such as lumber have increased substantially making housing raw materials cost more.

New home sales exploded in March. The yearly data is skewed because of the pandemic and the monthly data is skewed because of the bad weather in February. Specifically, new home sales were up from 846,000 to 1.021 million. The best comp might be to January in which new home sales were 1.010 million. It’s going to be interesting to see how strong the spring selling season gets in April and May. Some are saying the housing market actually needs higher rates because demand is so strong. It would be healthier if prices didn’t increase this quickly.

*****

Even though home prices have increased, the median price to income ratio in America makes housing look cheap compared to much of the developed world. As you can see, America’s 4x ratio is below all the other countries listed. It’s notable that America is a wide-open country with plenty of land. It’s nothing like Israel, Japan, and much of western Europe. America is closer to Australia and Canada which still have higher ratios. Both are known for their housing bubbles though.

America has underbuilt housing for the past decade because of the overhang from the housing bubble. It’s the best time to invest after a bubble bursts. Think of how great it was to invest in technology stocks in 2003. Now isn’t as great of a time to invest in homebuilders of course because everyone sees this playing out. The homebuilder index is already up 39% in the past 6 months and 118% in the past year. Regardless of whether those stocks are a buy, there will be much more housing built in the next 5 years.

The chart below shows the 15 year trailing measurement of housing starts.

2 million starts would get America back to its long term trend. There is a housing shortage that won’t go away for a few years. It wouldn’t be a surprise for America to overbuild because that’s how cycles work. It’s interesting how there wasn’t that much overbuilding in the housing bubble. That was more about reckless speculation and loans given out to buyers that couldn’t afford homes. The fact that we didn’t start highly overbuilt explains how the reading has gotten this low....

....MUCH MORE

Chips: The End of Just In Time

Go find those dusty old metrics, working capital, inventory turns and all the rest of Analysis 101 because it's not just chips.*

From EE Times, April 22:

What Chip Shortages Taught Us About Supply Chain Resiliency

No one could have predicted that the ongoing COVID-19 crisis would have such an impact on semiconductor manufacturing. The semiconductor industry is adapting in response, but it hasn’t been easy, and there are still chip shortages. There are measures everyone could take to avoid having to go through this ever again.

When the pandemic first hit, there was a cascade of unanticipated events. It all started with market sectors such as automotive anticipating a drop in demand for their products, prompting them to reduce their demand for chips accordingly. Immediately, their freed-up capacity was claimed by markets that anticipated spikes in demand, such as PCs and electronics.

However, both the drop in demand and following recovery happened much quicker than anticipated. Soon enough, due to reporting delays in supply and demand across the entire value chain and capacity being already reallocated, many businesses ended up facing a chip shortage that halted their entire manufacturing process.

Semiconductor manufacturing can take anywhere between 13 to 18 weeks to complete and building additional capacity for manufacturing requires significant time and capital. Adding the time required for installation and qualifications, as well as current shortages in substrate and diminished air cargo capacity, many industry sectors found themselves with a complex problem at hand.

The crunch at older nodes

Over the past decade, foundries have focused their investments in leading nodes such as 5nm and 7nm due to their profitability and high demand from high tech companies. This resulted in a lack of investment in the older nodes that sectors such as automotive typically rely on, further aggravating the shortage by making it even more difficult to find capacity for older nodes somewhere else.

Moreover, the automotive industry has some of the most stringent requirements in their qualification process. Once chips are qualified, it’s not easy to move them to another fab due to the many processes involved and the longer time required to get to a steady state of production.

There is also the well-known impact of quality vs quantity. Unlike other industries, quality for semiconductors improves with higher volumes as the process gets refined over time. Lower volumes result in lower quality semiconductors, due to less data and fewer dedicated resources; automotive businesses cannot afford lower quality products.

Moving forward

Due to capacity being already allocated, businesses have limited options to solve the current situation but can prepare for the next crisis. They can diversify their manufacturing partners for alternative sourcing strategies and take a broader, more proactive stance when watching the supply landscape to better anticipate delays.

Long-term, companies should strive to build supply chain resiliency into their manufacturing process so that they are better prepared in the future.

Supply competition

Businesses can no longer afford to forecast solely based on their customers’ needs. The recent shortage has highlighted that they need to look at other sectors relying on similar chips as their supply competition. When looking at capacity, they should ask themselves which sectors might have similar needs in the same time span....

....MUCH MORE

A recent example:  

Ummmm, About That Just-in-Time Inventory: "Blocked Suez Forces Ships to Look at Long Trip Around Africa"

And a heads-up from last October:

Food Hoarding: The World Is Shifting From Just-in-Time To Just-in-Case

"CME Group Expands Daily Price Limits for Grains"

 Action baby, action.

For some reason I've got Elvis Presley's Viva Las Vegas as this year's theme song and I'm not sure that will be appreciated by people who like to, ah, eat.

Two from AgWeb. First up, the headline story, April 26:

The CME Group announced after a routine biannual review, it has decided to expand daily price limits for Chicago Board of Trade grain and soy futures. The new limits will take effect May 2 for trades dated May 3.

Here are some of the new limits. (It also widened limits for oats, rough rice, lumber futures and other grain futures contracts.)

  • Corn: 40¢ per bu. (currently at 25¢ per bu.)
  • Soybeans: $1 per bu. (70¢ per bu.)
  • Soymeal: $30 per short ton ($25 per short ton)
  • Soy oil: 3.5¢ per lb. (2.5¢s per lb.)
  • SRW and HRW wheat futures: 45¢ per bu. (40¢ per bu.)

Price limits represent the maximum price range permitted for a futures contract in each trading session, according to CME. Price limits vary from product to product, as does what happens when a price limit is hit. Grain futures, for example, have daily hard limits. 

“Some of these limits are expanded by 50%,” says Jerry Gulke, president of the Gulke Group. “That’s huge volatility.”

For example, he says, limit up and limit down in corn will now be 80¢. On 200 bu.-per-acre corn that’s $160 an acre. On 10,000 acres, gross income could move around $1.5 million in one day....

....MORE

Wheat is up another 3.00% today:


And corn is right there with it, up 2.93%


 

And also from AgWeb, April 23:

Will High Prices Cause Demand Destruction or Demand Reduction?

Wow. This week saw corn prices top $6 and soybean prices top $15.

July corn prices were up 61.25¢ and July soybean prices were up 94.25¢, for the week ending April 23. July wheat prices were up 59.50¢.

“We’ve sat sideways here for almost eight years, and now we’ve blew up,” says Jerry Gulke, president of the Gulke Group. “These are unprecedented moves. If we would had moves like that in a year, we’d thought we were lucky.”

What caused these major moves? Both supply and demand are at play, Gulke says.

From a supply standpoint, challenges are surfacing for the South American crops. Dry weather is starting to reduce production estimates.

“Watching markets on a weekly basis should make for interesting times ahead and give volatility a whole new meaning especially with new limits widened appreciably,” Gulke says. “There’s an old saying the markets will shake the loose leaves off the trees, but none of us have ever seen volatility like this.” ....

....MORE

Well, that was before the expanded limits.

"Bright light city gonna set my soul Gonna set my soul on fire 
Got a whole lot of money that's ready to burn So get those stakes up higher...."

Monday, April 26, 2021

"Submarine volcanoes release enough energy to power the United States"

It could be as much as an order of magnitude more, no one knows for sure how many submarine volcanoes there are. See after the jump for a few prior posts.

From United Press International, April 21:

When volcanoes deep beneath the ocean surface erupt, they release energy at rates high enough to power entirety of the United States, according to a new study published Wednesday in the journal Nature Communications.

Previously, most volcanologists assumed underwater volcanoes were much less violent than their peers on land, yielding relatively slow-moving lava flows. 

But new data collected by remote-controlled submersibles in the North East Pacific suggest submarine volcanoes can generate powerful megaplumes, distributing volcanic ash across vast underwater distances.

The data showed these megaplumes are formed by large, fast-moving columns of heated water, and follow similar movement patterns to plumes produced by above-ground eruptions -- moving first upward and then spreading out horizontally.

Using the measurements captured by submersibles, scientists estimated the megaplumes generated by large underwater eruptions feature enough hot water to fill forty million Olympic-sized swimming pools.

Researchers have detected megaplumes before, but their origins remained a mystery. The latest findings are the first to link the phenomenon with the release of magma from a large underwater volcano....

....MUCH MORE

If interested Nature made the paper linked above open access and it is about as fresh as this stuff gets, April 21, 2021.

*"Beneath the Ocean, a World of Mountains"

We have no idea how many submarine volcanoes there are.
There was a subsea survey a decade ago that extrapolated out to three million* of the damn things.
We're only now looking at the mud volcanoes in the Arctic.
Lots of stuff to figure out.....

****

....Here's a 2007 story from NewScientist:

The true extent to which the ocean bed is dotted with volcanoes has been revealed by researchers who have counted 201,055 underwater cones. This is over 10 times more than have been found before.

The team estimates that in total there could be about 3 million submarine volcanoes, 39,000 of which rise more than 1000 metres over the sea bed....

Human beings aren't near as smart as we think we are, a point I exemplify on a daily basis at Climateer Investing.

"Ships in Caribbean Told to Avoid Underwater Volcano ‘Kick ’em Jenny’ Over Risk of Eruption"
Avoiding anything named Kick 'em Jenny sounds like a good idea....

Giant underwater volcano found off Indonesia
Further proof that Homo Sapiens really don't know all that much about how the pieces fit together. After the headline story from EarthTimes I'll link to one of the most amazing finds of the last couple years.
From the ET:

Jakarta - Scientists have discovered a giant undersea volcano off Indonesia's Sumatra island, the state-run Antara news agency said Friday. The volcano spans 50 kilometres at its base with a height of 4,600 metres, said Yusuf Surachman, a director at the state-run Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology. Indonesian, American and French scientists found the volcano 330 kilometres off Bengkulu province on Sumatra while they were surveying the sea floor to study changes in its geological structure following major earthquakes in the region. "This volcano is huge and tall. There are no volcanoes of similar height on Indonesian land," he was quoted as saying by Antara. Surachman said the scientists did not know if the volcano was active....

Did you catch that? A volcano 15,000 feet tall and thirty miles across at its base. And, oh, it might be active.....

In 2016 National Geographic reported:

Six underwater volcanoes found hiding in plain sight
The edifice, named Actea, is one of six volcanoes recently discovered while scientists were mapping the underwater landscape of the Sicilian Channel, a heavily trafficked waterway off the southwest...

 Oh.

And many more. Up north it's not just Iceland that has volcanoes. There are active volcanoes in the Bering Sea. 

And off of Antarctica. Damn things are everywhere we look.

Platts' "Commodity Tracker: 6 charts to watch this week"

First off, some housekeeping. I was told earlier today that the link to Platts on April 12 did a 'strange loop' back to our blog, coming dangerously close to a self-referential vortex of market depravity.
(apologies to Cardiff Garcia and/or the headline writer of 2012's "Rally Monkey gets sucked into the self-referential vortex of psychologically important thresholds")
This has been corrected. Regret the error.

 From S&P Global Platts, April 26:

After significant new national pledges on carbon emissions last week, commodity markets are digesting the implications. Plus, India's coronavirus resurgence, crude oil trade flows, and iron ore pricing and fundamentals. 

....6. Iron ore 62% Fe prices hit 10-year high, 65% Fe premiums widen

key iron ore prices 65% 62% Fe

What's happening? Iron ore prices hit a 10-year high on April 20 at $187.75/dry mt CFR China and closed in on record levels of February 2011 after steel demand and prices rose. In Australian currency terms, prices last week hit a record A$240/dry mt CFR China, benefitting producers such as Rio Tinto, BHP and Fortescue from China's largest supplier country. Iron ore demand has seen support from wider steel-iron ore price spreads and stronger margins in China and global markets. Demand for higher-grade iron ores boosted 65% Fe fines premiums to record highs, as import prices outpaced the effect of operating restrictions. China's pig iron output in the first quarter rose 7.2% on a year earlier, following declines in February and March 2020 from the COVID-19 pandemic.

What's next? Potential for firmer policies from China to taper steel and pig iron growth rates during the balance of 2021, and growing demand for ferrous scrap to cut emissions, could weigh on iron ore prices. After steel output in northeast China's Tangshan was curtailed during Q1, Handan issued plans last week to control steel output and eliminate some outdated production facilities. Scrap has become more competitive, and the market will also be watching scrap and steel trade activity in Turkey, India and the Middle East following the current slowdown. Meanwhile, Brazilian iron ore shipments could recover after a weak Q1 and stronger production from Australia is also likely given seasonal trends, with improved supply expected in coming months....

....MUCH MORE

"Total declares force majeure on Mozambique LNG project"

Two from Club of Mozambique. First up, April 26:

JUST IN: Total declares force majeure on Mozambique LNG project – Press Release

Paris, 26 April 2021

Considering the evolution of the security situation in the north of the Cabo Delgado province in Mozambique, Total confirms the withdrawal of all Mozambique LNG project personnel from the Afungi site. This situation leads Total, as operator of Mozambique LNG project, to declare force majeure.

Total expresses its solidarity with the government and people of Mozambique and wishes that the actions carried out by the government of Mozambique and its regional and international partners will enable the restoration of security and stability in Cabo Delgado province in a sustained manner....

....MORE

And April 23

Mozambique: Government says Total’s “main contracts” will be maintained

The Minister of Mineral Resources and Energy of Mozambique said on Thursday that oil company Total would maintain the “main contracts” of the natural gas project in Cabo Delgado, with only contracts with “subcontracted companies” being cancelled.

“There are several subcontracted companies that are being demobilised, but they are, above all, easy ‘re-mobilisable’ when the project is resumed,” Max Tonela said, after the second and last day of questions to the government in the Assembly of the Republic.

The minister explained the cancellation of contracts between Total and suppliers on the basis of the need to reduce costs resulting from the stoppage of the construction works of the enterprise following the recent attack on the town of Palma, just six kilometres from the natural gas project in Cabo Delgado.

“The stoppage time [of the project] entails high costs for the project,” he said, adding that the resumption of Total’s activities would depend on the reestablishment of security.

The Minister of Mineral Resources and Energy told deputies that everything possible was being done to restore safety in the area of the natural gas project, and that the Total project was “suspended” and “not abandoned”....

....MUCH MORE

Mozambique could really use the money.
 
Previously: 
 
There is as much as an eighth of a Trillion dollars in committed and contemplated investment at risk from the Islamist killers....

Felix Zulauf: The New Cold War

The thing the Chinese understand is that American generals have not won a war since 1945.  
Go ahead, name a conflict the U.S. won in the last 75 years, I'll wait.

Okay, I'll give you Grenada. Got another one?

From The Market.ch, April 15:

A new conflict has begun between the United States and China that will shape the coming decades. No country will be unaffected, and Europe some day may have to pick sides. Risk premiums for financial assets will rise.

The first meeting between representatives of the new U.S. Administration and China in Anchorage was spiteful and accusatory from both sides. While Donald Trump in the past years had been primarily concerned with economic issues, Joe Biden's envoys also attacked the People's Republic on human rights grounds.

Beijing does not put up with this kind of interference in internal affairs. Instead of an easing of tensions, a new cold war is brewing between the two great powers.

More dangerous than the Cold War of the 20th century

The Cold War of the 20th century, between the Soviet Union and the United States, was about ideology. On one side was the West, united behind the leading power, the United States, whose values were based on market economy and freedom; on the other side was the East, led by Moscow based on planned economy and oppression. It was capitalism versus communism.

The Soviet Union was never a serious challenger economically, however, only militarily. It was a bipolar world, with practically no points of economic contact between the two superpowers. Therefore, the world economy outside the communist bloc was only threatened if there had been a military escalation.

The new conflict between the U.S. and China is more problematic and dangerous in comparison. In today's multipolar world, China is closely intertwined economically with the U.S. and the rest of the world. Companies from every continent have production and sales points in China and America. As a result, the new cold war is injecting latent insecurity into diverse economies around the world.

Risk of military conflict

Economic logic should prevent a confrontation, but in the ideological and geostrategic struggle between Washington and Beijing, it is not logic but power, self-determination and pride that will dominate.

Today's situation corresponds to what the Greek historian Thucydides described some 2,500 years ago using the example of Sparta against Athens: The conflict between an established hegemonic power and a rising challenger. In the last 500 years, this situation has occurred 16 times in world history – and twelve of them ended in war. If you add proxy wars like Vietnam or Korea, there have been even more.

The risk of military conflict must therefore be considered high in view of historical experience. However, this is completely underestimated by today's politicians, business leaders and the broad society. Our Western society sees the big problems of today in issues such as inequality, gender and race, climate and political correctness.

This glorified view neglects the harsh realities of the world. This could backfire. In Europe, we are as unprepared for a new cold war as we were for a pandemic. Yet this conflict is already in full swing, with protectionist and sanctioning steps decided by both sides.

Far-sighted leadership in Beijing

Measured by gross domestic product, the United States is still the world's largest economy. But if Hong Kong and Taiwan are added to the People's Republic, China is already number one and the largest market for many consumer goods, from automobiles to cell phones.

The rapid rise of China is breathtaking to anyone who has visited the country regularly over the years. No other country has such a good and modern infrastructure. Of course, China has its problems: Its rapid rise, to a large extent financed with debt, has led to a poorly capitalized banking system and over-indebted companies. However, the leadership in Beijing, which in my view is much more far-sighted and in touch with reality than Western politics, is aware of this and is working on it.

President Xi Jinping told his own people and the world a few years ago that China aims to be the largest economic power in a few years. He also said that the Middle Kingdom will assert its influence in geopolitics. This was a wake-up call for the current hegemon, the USA. In fact, China is arming itself militarily in order to close the gap with the U.S. It is not quite there yet, but the goal is clear....

....MUCH MORE

"Metal Boom: Copper Hits 10-Year High Amid Supply Constraints And Infrastructure Plans"

 U.S. futures up 0.1035 (2.39%) at 4.4395

As noted in Friday's "Copper: Chartology

U.S. futures are trading up about 1% at 4.3190 and around a nickel below the late February spike high, 4.3755. If (when) that level is hit you have to go back to 2011 to find higher prices. And they aren't that much higher. It's a dangerous little game to trade in anticipation of a breakout but since 3.99 on the futures it looked as if the stars had aligned....

It's going higher. While there may possibly be a violent downtick when the folks in Chile get to withdraw funds early from their pensions and the strike ends, the next two years will see fortunes built in copper.

From ZeroHedge: 

Copper futures hit their highest levels in ten years on Monday as several factors, including supply concerns, a weaker dollar, the Biden administration's plan to improve infrastructure, growth in renewable energy, and China's increasing demand, continue to fuel expectations of higher demand for the industrial metal.

The dollar continues to edge lower Monday amid speculation Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell will not announce tapering at this week's meeting, fueling higher copper prices. 

Meanwhile, traders are concerned about supply due to a strike in Chile. 

"We are in for a good run higher as we are having supply issues. Chilean port workers threatening to strike, which is a short-term issue, but will cause some trouble for shipments into China in an already tight concentrate market," commodities broker Anna Stablum of Marex Spectron told Reuters

"We are seeing some concerns about supply cuts in China due to environmental pressures," Stablum added.

The resilience of copper prices suggests industrial use for copper in China continues. 

The push for a massive infrastructure overhaul in the US has provided support for copper. The Biden administration proposed infrastructure investments of hundreds of billions of dollars to fuel growth in renewable energy. 

When it comes to renewable energy, copper plays a huge role in renewable energy technology, given its conductivity characteristics. 

On top of renewables, a shift towards a digital economy and rising demand for electronics to support the remote work lifestyle adds additional support to copper prices. 

"Technology, semiconductors, data centers, and cellular towers all require significant copper usage," Rob Haworth, senior investment strategist at US Bank Wealth Management, told MarketWatch

Meanwhile, "we have not seen an investment in new copper supply over the past few years, which means users have been competing for the relatively scarce supplies of copper, leaving price as the arbiter of who receives this supply," Haworth said. "Mine development is a long-term activity, leaving us with a tight market for some time."

Goldman Sachs recently called "copper the new oil." ...MORE


Recently:
Copper: "Record copper scrap flows this year won't plug deficit"
"METALS-Bullish investors push copper towards 10-year highs"

 "Copper heads for biggest weekly gain since February"
The move is only beginning....

And via the FT's Natural resources editor: 

"Chinese Firms Position for an Energy Transition Copper Supercycle" 

Wood Mackenzie: "Build Or Buy: Are The Copper Majors Rising To The Growth Challenge?""

"Caught between rare earths and Chinese dominance — Part 1: The story behind everything no one is telling you"

Please don't say "no one"  

Have I mentioned the Chinese are not just the largest battery producers but have tied up the EV battery materials supply chain? Why yes, yes I have.

From Mining.com, April 22, 2021:

This is a four-part article series on the reality of how and why China retains its dominance in the Rare Earth (RE) industry. Part one investigates how China built its multi-commodity monopolies across the technological spectrum. Part two provides a brief historical overview on what China learned from its Rare Earth monopoly. Part three looks at how China turned Rare Earth metals, alloys & magnets into ‘utility goods’ for its domestic economy. The final part of this article series explores how China’s current monopolistic strategy feeds on the ‘Free Market’ actions of its adversaries and explores a possible solution to overcome Chinese global control in Rare Earths.

During his first press conference, President Biden vowed that he would not allow China to become the world’s leading country: “That’s not going to happen on my watch, because the United States is going to continue to grow and expand.” What are these large growth markets that Biden sees the U.S. leading in? According to this Administration, these growth markets are Green-Technologies such as Electric Vehicles (EVs), Wind, Solar and other net-zero carbon technologies.

The problem is that China not only controls many of the critical materials necessary to produce these products but also tends to be the market leader in these industries. For example, China is by far the largest producer of EVs in the world – clocking in at close to 50% while the United States (US) is about one-third the market share of China. Adding insult to injury, nearly half of the EVs in the world are in China, with just over 20% in the US Regardless, you cannot make an EV without a battery and China makes most of the batteries. According to multiple sources, China accounts for 70% of all EV battery production in the world. China produces more than 60% of the world’s cathodes and 80% of anodes for batteries and intends to boost its market share at every point in the value chain. In fact, of the 143 lithium-ion battery plants in the pipeline to 2029, 107 are based in China.

Follow the progression of resource-control in the figure from mine to manufacture:


China is the leading battery producer for most of the worlds EV manufacturers, including Ford, GM, Tesla, Volkswagen, Daimler AG, BMW, Volvo, Honda and Toyota.

Things don’t look any better for wind

For example, the Chinese company Goldwind is tied with General Electric as the world’s largest manufacturer of wind turbines, but China’s wind turbine industry collectively represents about 50% of global wind turbine production. Furthermore, you cannot build a wind turbine without rare earth magnets. China produces over 85% of the magnets that go into its competitors wind turbines. China’s competitors don’t have a product without China’s RE magnets. As a final insult, China is by far the world’s largest producer of wind energy, at close to two times the US.


The story is the same for solar technologies

China produces 65% of the worlds polysilicon wafers, 70% of all solar panels and 75% of the worlds solar cells. In fact, China currently controls or is developing choke-point strategies to control technology materials at the most critical points of the downstream value chain. This strategy assures China a leadership position in all the world’s leading industrial, agricultural, and consumer markets which is outlined in their Made in China vision 2025.

Conversely, US policy relies on individual actors to challenge China’s multifaceted national industrial and defense strategies with private capital even though most large US corporations eventually migrate to China in pursuit of larger profits & markets. This US strategy has only lost ground to China. Continuing this strategy will not change the outcome.

How was China able to become so dominant?

China strategically bought-up control over resources (sometimes at record high prices) and then built out global-scale refining and metallurgical facilities. For example, China controls over 80% percent of mined cobalt  and controls over 85%  percent of refined cobalt for EVs and other battery applications. China has done the same thing with Germanium, Tungsten, Lithium, Nickel, Antimony, Manganese, Indium, Gallium and Graphite. In fact, China controls 100% of the world’s spherical graphite production, a critical component in EVs and other energy storage applications. China is the market leader in all targeted growth markets and controls all key resources. This gives them the power to dictate our growth prospects: not the other way around. China’s not-so-secret secret is that China’s actions are based on nationalistic goals, not private profit motives. The ‘free market’ cannot overcome this. Period.

In 2019, Chinese chemical companies accounted for 80% of the world’s total output of raw materials for advanced batteries. The red arrows below indicates China’s control over post-mining, downstream, refined or metallic materials for green-technologies. The percentages are linked to sources.

2020 US net import reliance—source: USGS


China’s National Industrial & Defense policy is designed, organized & managed at the highest levels of government and coordinated and executed at all levels of the economy. China’s critical material strategy was never about making money. The strategy is about capturing Intellectual property (IP), boosting China’s technology portfolio and relocating manufacturing inside China. This was partially achieved through advantageous pricing & taxation strategies for Chinese-based manufacturers (the carrot) but also by withholding guaranteed access to these materials if product manufacturing was to happen outside of China (the stick).....

....MUCH MORE, including links to parts 2, 3, and 4.

Again, please don't say "no one":

"Chinese smartphone maker Xiaomi to invest $10 billion in making electric cars"
As we've seen in posts over the last five weeks, the Chinese already dominate the production of wind turbines, solar cells and panels, batteries* and more importantly battery materials supply chains.

There was a method to our madness. We wanted to see who—in addition to politicians and their cronies—who would profit from the U.S. infrastructure spending and the U.S. Green New Deal spending. There will be a lot of money making its way to China. As we noted in a slightly different context in February:

"Did you know that because money and political power are fungible you can launder your ill-gotten gains into political contributions and end up with squeaky clean political influence with no one the wiser? And then use that influence to earn 'clean' money? Well now you know."

That's how sophisticated money launderers do it. 

Now on to electric vehicles!

Capital Markets: "Big Week Begins Quietly, with the Greenback Still Under Pressure"

 From Marc to Market:

Overview: What promises to be a notable week has begun off quietly: the US, EMU, and South Korea report Q1 GDP. The eurozone also provides its first estimate of April inflation. Corporate earnings feature tech and financial firms. Equities are mostly firmer in the Asia Pacific region and Europe. Hong Kong, China, and Australia were exceptions, and their equities slipped lower. Taiwan, South Korea, and Indian indices advanced. Europe's Dow Jones Stoxx 600 snapped a seven-week advance last week but is slightly higher today. US futures are narrowly mixed. Ahead of the FOMC meeting and US data, the yield of the 10-year benchmark is firm near 1.57%. Yields in Europe and the Asia Pacific area are a little higher as well. The dollar is sporting a soft profile. The euro rose a little above $1.2115. Sterling is trying to establish a foothold above $1.39, and the dollar-bloc currencies are firm. Among emerging market currencies, eastern and central European currencies, outside the Turkish lira and Czech koruna, are trading lower, while Asian currencies are mostly a little stronger. Gold is has edged up along with the industrial metals. A strike of port workers in Chile over being denied being able to have early withdrawals from their pension funds has driven copper prices to their highest level in a decade. Oil prices are softer amid concerns about weaker Indian demand. June WTI was turned back from the $62.30 area and is trading around a dollar lower near midday in Europe. Last week's low was near $60.60.

Asia Pacific
India reported a million new covid cases over the past three days as the pandemic surges.
Its request that the US allows the export of the vaccine's raw material was rebuffed on the grounds that the US had a responsibility to look after Americans first. A State Department spokesperson was quoted: "It is, of course, not only in our interest to see Americans vaccinated, it is in the interests of the rest of the world to have Americans vaccinated." Aside from the hubris, it was a poor response, and the US quickly amended it. Between Friday and Sunday, a different tone was struck. The US will be sending India raw materials for the AstraZeneca vaccine and provide financial aid for vaccine production. The UK, Germany, and France pledged aid, as has China. The US has a stockpile of an estimated 20 mln AstraZeneca vaccines by earlier this month, but still, American regulators have not approved its use. It has loaned 4 mln vaccines to Canada and Mexico.

Japan held three byelections for the upper chamber of the Diet, and the LDP failed to win a single one. In Hokkaido and Hiroshima, scandals hit the LDP incumbents, and the seat in Nagano stays within a family dynasty. The results may be a warning to the LDP-Komeito national coalition. A general election needs to be held by late October. Prime Minister Suga's support is waning. He continues to support going forward with the Olympics even Japan's largest urban areas are in a formal state of emergency with less than 100 days before the opening ceremonies. Sunk costs and pride seem to be the main motivations for going forward.

Foreign exchange market participants drawn to seasonal patterns, but we are often unimpressed. Most recently, the claim is that the dollar typically rises against the offshore yuan by an average of 1.5% in May-June. The narrative links the yuan's weakness to dividend payments, which peak this year in the June-August period. The five-year period is not long enough for serious analysis, and "average" could be deceiving if the dispersion of the data is high. Bloomberg's data for CNH goes back to 2011. The dollar has risen in six of the past 10 May's and four of the past 10 June's. The dollar's performance in May has ranged from falling 2.2% to rising by nearly 3.1%. In June, the greenback has rallied 3.5% and has also fallen by 1%. The most extreme pattern is actually in October when the dollar has risen twice in the past decade. Still, the sample size is too small to draw a meaningful conclusion....

....MUCH MORE

Sunday, April 25, 2021

"Climate Change Activists Need To Get Serious About Nuclear Power"

If it is a Climate Emergency*, act like it is an emergency. Nomenclature is all fun and games what with the progression from global warming to climate change to climate weirding to CLIMATE EMERGENCY!!! but words have meaning and if the latest iteration is meant to forcefully describe the situation rather than to stampede the bison over the cliff act like it.

and another thing....

sorry, never mind, Here's Reason mag, April 2:

It would significantly reduce carbon emissions, but onerous regulation stands in the way.

This Thursday, Earth Day, politicians and activists will shout more about "the climate crisis."

I don't think it's a crisis. COVID-19, malaria, exploding debt, millions of poor children dying from diarrhea—those are genuine crises.

But global warming may become a real problem, so it's particularly absurd that Earth Day's activists rarely mention the form of energy that could most quickly reduce greenhouse gases: nuclear power.

When France converted to nuclear, it created the world's fastest reduction in carbon emissions.

But in America, nuclear growth came to a near halt 40 years ago, after an accident at the Three Mile Island plant in Pennsylvania.

The partial meltdown killed no one. It would probably have been forgotten had Hollywood not released a nuclear scare movie, The China Syndrome, days before.

"People saw that and freaked out," complains Joshua Goldstein, author of A Bright Future: How Some Countries Have Solved Climate Change (with nuclear power).

One of the people still freaking out is solar activist Harvey Wasserman. "I live in terror of the next accident," he says in my latest video.

His anti-nuclear argument has basically won in most of the world. Nuclear plants are being shut down.

"Why?" I ask Wasserman. No one was hurt at Three Mile Island.

Wasserman replies that after the accident, he went to nearby homes and people showed him "their tumors, their hair loss, their lesions."

"It's bunk," I tell him. "It's been studied. People lose hair and get cancer and they attribute it to Three Mile Island, but it's not true."

"Having been there," Wasserman responds, "it's my clear assertion that people were killed."

Actual scientists don't agree. In fact, they find less cancer near Three Mile Island than in other parts of Pennsylvania.

But what about Fukushima? That was more serious. Today, clueless media quote Greenpeace claiming Fukushima's radiation could "change our DNA!"

Also bunk. "There was heightened radiation, but it was all at this low level below what we consider to be safe," explains Goldstein.

The low level of radiation released at Fukushima was hardly a threat. What killed people was the panicked response.

"Everyone freaked out and ordered a massive sudden evacuation. That caused suicide, depression….Fear of radioactivity really did kill people."

One nuclear accident, Chernobyl, did kill, and its radiation may still kill thousands more....

....MUCH MORE

 Okay, another thing: Who came up with "climate weirding"? It sounds stupid.

And another thing. In Saturday's "Green economic growth is an article of ‘faith’ devoid of scientific evidence" I mentioned David MacKay and his book "Sustainable Energy – without the hot air":

....You should read it. And there is really no reason not to. Concurrent with it being published, Dr. MacKay put it online on a dedicated website: "http://www.withouthotair.com/".

Here's the chapter on nukes: 24   Nuclear?

....In contrast, the amount of natural uranium required to provide the
same amount of energy as 16 kg of fossil fuels, in a standard fission reactor,
is 2 grams; and the resulting waste weighs one quarter of a gram. (This 2 g
of uranium is not as small as one millionth of 16 kg per day, by the way,
because today’s reactors burn up less than 1% of the uranium.) To deliver
2 grams of uranium per day, the miners at the uranium mine would have
to deal with perhaps 200 g of ore per day.

So the material streams flowing into and out of nuclear reactors are
small, relative to fossil-fuel streams. “Small is beautiful,” but the fact that
the nuclear waste stream is small doesn’t mean that it’s not a problem; it’s
just a “beautifully small” problem.....

The guy was a freakin' Cambridge physicist, at the freakin' Cavendish Laboratory, where they mint Nobel Laureates. The Queen of England endowed a professorship for him, the first Regius Professorship in Engineering in Cambridge's freakin' history!

He knows stuff. Or did. He died way too early.

*Here's Scientific American , April 12, 2021:

We Are Living in a Climate Emergency, and We’re Going to Say So

.... The statement we have issued was coordinated by Covering Climate Now, a global journalism initiative with more than 400 media partners. Here it is:

April 12, 2021

From Covering Climate Now, Scientific American, Columbia Journalism Review, the Nation, the Guardian, Noticias Telemundo, Al Jazeera, Asahi Shimbun and La Repubblica:

Wannabe Seabed Miner DeepGreen Has Entered Into An Agreement To Come Public Via SPAC (SOAC)

 I know the FT's natural resources editor is not very impressed with either the economics of seabed mining or the PR techniques employed when some corporates said nein to the idea of said mining:

So it is with some trepidation that we even post this much less acknowledge an interest in the concept. And that is with having gone one record saying:
June 2020
"A billion batteries’ worth of rare metals lie on the bottom of the sea"
And we don't know what happens when we roil up the seabed.
E to the S to the G, it's complicated....
 

It's just that the backers of this one might be able to pull it off.

First up, the press release, April 15: 

SOAC Files Registration Statement on S-4 in Connection with Proposed Combination with DeepGreen Metals, Explorer of the World's Largest Undeveloped Resource of Battery Metals for EVs

  • Form S-4 filing with the SEC provides information about DeepGreen for current and prospective investors in advance of the combined company’s public listing as The Metals Company
  • Transaction combines the first ESG-focused SPAC with a company exploring the world’s largest estimated source of electric vehicle (EV) battery metals from deep-sea polymetallic nodules that are expected to be produced at low cost with dramatically reduced social and environmental impact as compared to land-based mining
  • The transaction represents a pro forma equity value of US$2.9 billion (assuming no redemptions) for the combined company, which will be renamed The Metals Company upon closing

DALLAS, Texas & VANCOUVER, British Columbia--()--Sustainable Opportunities Acquisition Corporation (NYSE: SOAC) announced that it has filed a registration statement on Form S-4 with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The filing includes a preliminary proxy statement/prospectus in connection with SOAC’s proposed business combination with DeepGreen Metals Inc., a company exploring for lower-impact battery metals from polymetallic nodules lying on the seafloor.

DeepGreen recently announced its entry into a definitive business combination agreement with SOAC, a special purpose acquisition company with a dedicated ESG focus and deep operational and capital market capabilities in the energy and resource sectors. DeepGreen is exploring a new, scalable source of battery metals in the form of polymetallic nodules which are found in the Clarion Clipperton Zone of the Pacific Ocean. The estimated battery metal resource on the seafloor in the exploration contract areas held by DeepGreen’s subsidiaries is equivalent to that contained in 280 million EVs —approximately one quarter of the current global passenger vehicle fleet.

“We anticipate that The Metals Company will successfully scale to meet the expected deficit in electric vehicle battery metals that presents the biggest hurdle to the mass electrification of transportation,” said Scott Leonard, CEO of SOAC. “We look forward to advancing toward listing The Metals Company as a key part of our objective to become the world’s largest producer of critical battery minerals like nickel, copper and cobalt with the lowest ESG impact and production cost.”...

....MUCH MORE

Okay, that headline is a bit wordy. And that first paragraph containing "lower-impact battery metals from polymetallic nodules lying on the seafloor." sounds like a high school debater trying to head-off an argument against; what with the implicit comparison to land based mining for these metals (lower impact). And the note that the nodules are lying on the seafloor, not under a mile of primordial muck that has to be moved. But still....

We first became aware of this one going-on nine years ago:

June 2012
Screw the Asteroids: "DeepGreen strikes deal with Glencore for undersea mining metals"
What...the...hell?
I'm a bit late getting to this but when you see "Glencore" and a privately held Vancouver company in the same headline it gets my attention....
 
And kept track of what they were doing:
 
And then in March 2020 a third heavyweight (literally) that had kicked in some loot for the 2019 financing:
 
So there you have the shipping company with the greatest enviro cred (Maersk), the mining and metal trading company with no enviro cred but money and experience in spades (Glencore) and the pipelaying/oil rig moving/what's the job we can do it engineering company. I have to admit I have a soft spot in my head heart for Allseas. When  oil rigs got bigger than was easily manageable, Allseas founder said "okay, so what if we strap a couple oil tankers together:
 
Pioneering Spirit Sets World Lifting Record
The giant offshore installation and commissioning vessel Pioneering Spirit has set the new world lifting record with the successful removal of Shell’s 24,000 tonne Brent Delta platform in the North Sea in a single lift.
http://3kbo302xo3lg2i1rj8450xje.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/08-Fast-lift-of-the-Delta-topsides-800x600.jpg
 Lifting of the Delta topsides. Credit: Allseas
Pioneering Spirit’s owner Allseas confirmed the safe and successful completion of the topsides removal operation on April 28....
Allseas CEO said the $3 billion cost of Pioneering Spirit was one of the larger bets of his career, raising the question "What other freakin' bets have you laid down to make this 'one of the'" 

We'll circle back to Mr. Hume for the outro, beaucoup credit where credit is due. He was the first source for the financing news:

"Common Heart Disease Drug Reverses Obesity By Targeting Inflammation in Mice"

Huh. This might be important.

From Good News Network, April 25:

It has long been known that obesity is an inflammatory disease, i.e. a chronic defensive reaction of the body to stress caused by excess nutrients.

Based on this knowledge, a group of researchers led by Nabil Djouder, Head of the Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group at the Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), decided to try to fight obesity by preventing inflammation—and they succeeded.

Their paper, published this month in Nature Metabolism, shows that digoxin, a drug already in use against heart diseases, reduces inflammation and leads to a 40% weight loss in obese mice, without any side effects.

Digoxin reverses obesity completely, according to CNIO. Treated mice became the same weight as healthy, non-obese animals. The mice were also cured of metabolic disorders associated to obesity.

Digoxin reduces the production of a molecule called interleukin 17A, (IL-17A) which generally triggers inflammation. The study identifies it as a causal factor of obesity: “When you inhibit the production of IL-17A or the signaling pathway that this molecule activates, you don’t have obesity,” says Djouder.

The Madrid researchers found that IL-17A acts directly on adipose tissue to cause obesity and severe metabolic alterations associated with body weight gain, the so-called metabolic syndrome, which includes type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases....

....MUCH MORE

If interested here is the paper at Nature Metabolism

Here is the CNIO mini-bio on Nabil Djouder, he is going after some of the biggies in chronic disease:

Medical Xpress - "Research team describes how a virus can cause diabetes"

It is big money and ameliorating a lot of human suffering if all the metabolic stuff can be figured-out. As noted early-on in the Covid-19 pandemic:

"Coronavirus pandemic spurs a chocolate and frozen pizza sales boom in America: Nestle USA CEO"
That's it, time to dust off the diabetes/retinopathy/dialysis/prosthetics portfolio....

*****

"‘We can’t make enough mac and cheese’: Processed food is undergoing a renaissance as people settle in for a long stretch of cooking at home" (KHC; CPB; CAG)


And previously:
I've mentioned the guy who pitched me on kidney dialysis company DaVita back in 2002; and some of the trades implied in Izabella Kaminska's 2016 - 2017 posts on sugar and even earlier: From our Oct. 2, 2012 post "Buffett Bets on the Boomers: End Stage Renal Disease (BRK.B; DVA)":
Around ten years ago a sharp young analyst gave me his five-minute kidneys and dialysis pitch. It made quite an impression on me, I remember it to this day. Unfortunately for him and his firm we were just coming off the Dotbomb crash and everything looked really cheap so I filed the idea under "stuff I'll get to".
Davita is up seven-fold since that day, $103.44 at the close. Fresenius, the largest in the industry is up ten-bagger in ten years, no lost decade there..
CDC Report: 100 Million Americans Either Diabetic or On Their Way
There's an opportunity in here, somewhere. The direct costs of healthcare for diabetics has to be five grand a year per. That gives us a half-trillion dollar market to address. Plus, who really wants a countryside full of blind amputees on dialysis?
Labor Markets: "Rural America Needs Triage"
Some concepts, profound in their simplicity, that policymakers will have to internalize before the human toll of current economics—whether fast suicides by firearms or hanging or slow suicides by opioids, self-medicating with carbohydrates and booze leading to epidemic levels of obesity, cirrhosis and diabetes, from first generation poverty leading to  multi-generational epigenetic DNA methylation of genes linked to depression—the policy wonks have to get the basics down first.

Insurance/Ethanol: "Champagne “lucky” with frost compared to other French wine regions" plus Insurance Coverage of the Vineyards

 First up, from The Drinks Business, April 23:

With an estimated 20% loss to this year’s crop in Champagne due to severe frosts earlier this month, one winemaker told db the region had been “lucky” compared to other parts of France.

Speaking after the virtual launch of Cristal 2013 this week, Louis Roederer cellar master, Jean-Baptiste Lécaillon said that the impact of the frosts had been uneven across the Champagne appellation, which covers more than 30,000 hectares, but overall that the region had been “more lucky” than other areas of France.

“For sure the frosts have caused damage [to the vines in Champagne], but it’s too early to say exactly how much, as most of the vines were still dormant, and we don’t know how deeply the frost affected the vine,” he said.

Explaining that it was possible to see the damage on the green shoots from freezing temperatures, which db has been told reached as low as -6 degrees Celsius on 7 April in some parts of Champagne, he added that it was very complicated to assess the impact on the dormant buds.

“We need another week or two when the buds get out of dormancy to see if they are ok or not,” he said.

For Roederer’s own vineyards, which extend over 240 hectares, Lécaillon said that visual inspections had suggested that the Champagne house had lost 15% of this year’s potential crop, but, he added, that could rise to 25-30% if the dormant buds have also been affected.

“I would bet today on 15-20% loss,” he said.

Interestingly, he said that the best vineyards of Champagne, the grands crus of the Montagne de Reims and the Côte des Blancs were “lightly touched” by the frost.

The worst-affected area of Champagne was the most southerly part of the appellation, the Aube, where the vine cycle is more advanced due to the warmer climate.

“The frost was massive in the Aube, so it was really serious there, with a 50% loss,” he said....

....MUCH MORE

 And via Insurance Journal:

Up to 40% of Losses from Frost Damage at French Vineyards Are Uninsured

Frost damage to French vineyards this month could reduce wine production by nearly a third compared with recent years, farm office FranceAgriMer said on Thursday, citing initial estimates from wine producers.

The losses, subject to revision as the frost impact becomes clearer in the coming weeks, were projected at around 15 million hectolitres and would put France on course for 2021 wine output between 28% and 32% below average volumes of recent years, Ygor Gibelind of FranceAgriMer’s wine unit told reporters....

....MUCH MORE

 As noted in our four word intro to April 11's "France declares ‘calamité agricole’ after record cold":

This is very bad....

Where Bill Gates et al.'s Breakthrough Energy Ventures Fund Is Investing

From Forbes, April 22:

Bill Gates Is Betting On These Cleantech Outfits To Help Save The Planet

Gates-led Breakthrough Energy Ventures—which counts 24 other billionaires as co-investors—has put money into some 40 startups that are developing clean energy technologies for everything from lithium extraction to steelmaking.


Four years ago, Bill Gates launched a $1 billion fund, called Breakthrough Energy Ventures, that brought together more than 20 (now 28) like-minded investors to invest in scientific breakthroughs that have the potential to deliver cheap and reliable clean energy to the world. The ultimate goal is to shepherd new zero-emissions technologies to market.

Since then, it’s backed dozens of startups developing green technology innovations that range from replacing fossil fuels with carbon-free equivalents to inventing meat alternatives. “We’re only focused on investments that will have a substantial effect on climate change,” Gates told Forbes earlier this year. So far one of the startups it’s backed has gone public via SPAC: solid-state lithium-metal battery maker QuantumScape, which hasn’t started selling its batteries yet. Some of the clean energy innovations Breakthrough Energy Ventures invests in are moonshots, and the technology may take a decade or more to develop. But finding solutions is imperative. “If we’re going to avoid a climate disaster, we have to get from 51 billion [tons of greenhouse gases] to zero in just 30 years,” the group says on its website.

The fund raised another $1 billion earlier this year to bankroll more startups, with Gates as the largest investor. Some of the 24 other billionaire backers include Indian tycoon Mukesh Ambani, Amazon founder Jeff Bezos, Bloomberg LP founder Michael Bloomberg, Virgin Group founder Richard Branson, Alibaba cofounder Jack Ma and mutual fund giant Fidelity CEO Abigail Johnson. Gates told Forbes in February that he would “put in at least $2 billion” more toward zero-carbon technologies over the next five years.

On Earth Day, Forbes looks at five of Breakthrough Energy’s portfolio companies that are building innovative solutions to help save the planet:

Boston Metal: Low-carbon steel

For thousands of years, steel has been produced the same way: Mix iron ore with coke (a product of coal) and put it in a blast furnace. The result is a high-carbon product, which is then put into a furnace, where the carbon is burned away to become steel. The whole process results in significant carbon emissions (steelmaking accounts for 7% of all greenhouse gases annually), all of which Boston Metal promises to eliminate through a method called metal oxide electrolysis. This new technology uses electrolytic cells rather than a blast furnace, and electricity rather than carbon, ultimately emitting oxygen instead of carbon dioxide.

Electricity-based steelmaking was first demonstrated by MIT researchers in the early 2010s, leading to the creation of Boston Metal as a spinoff company. The Woburn, Massachusetts, firm closed a $50 million funding round at the start of this year that valued it at $165 million, according to Pitchbook. Boston Metal CEO Tadeu Carneiro says he plans to use the funds to get the company’s pilot plant running continuously by the end of 2022. After that, Carneiro hopes to construct Boston Metal’s first industrial facility by 2024 and begin commercial production the following year.

Lilac Solutions: Lab-enhanced lithium extraction

To power the growing number of electric vehicles around the world, car makers need lithium-ion batteries. Most of the world’s lithium is found in brines, which are deposits of salt water mostly found in deserts. Lithium mining company Lilac Solutions introduces proprietary technology that replaces the old, water-intensive lithium extraction process with a new method that uses ion exchange beads and far less water. Cofounder and CEO Dave Snydacker says Lilac’s technology is faster and cheaper than existing methods. “We need to bring those brines into production,” he says. “Otherwise, all the promises that electric vehicle manufacturers like GM, Volkswagen and Tesla have been making about a 100% electric future, we’re not going to be able to get there.”

Lilac works with resource owners—legacy lithium producers, oil and gas companies looking to enter the market and small developers—by designing the extraction systems they use for projects. Brines are fed into a tank filled with small beads that, through an ion exchange process, are able to absorb the lithium. The Oakland-based startup has projects under way in Chile, Argentina and the United States—the Americas are its primary focus area—as well as Europe and Asia....

....MUCH MORE