Following on November 14's "International Energy Agency World Energy Outlook 2025 (now with WEOGPT)"
From the International Energy Agency:
This chapter explores energy sector trends and priorities in countries and regions that cumulatively account for around 90% of the world’s population, GDP and energy demand. Priorities, objectives and national circumstances vary widely between and within regions, but two trends that are visible in most parts of the world are a rise in the electrification of end-uses, and a rise in the share of renewables in electricity generation.
Energy trends in advanced economies are shaped by the structure of their economies, and by high average incomes and rates of vehicle and appliance ownership. Overall energy demand typically has peaked, although electricity use continues to increase, with electric vehicles and data centres adding to demand.
Energy demand per capita is generally lower in emerging market and developing economies. Many of these countries are still developing their industries, some suffer from a lack of universal access to energy, and most have lower average incomes and levels of ownership of energy consuming equipment than advanced economies. However, the picture is a dynamic one: many countries are undergoing rapid urbanisation, building infrastructure, making swift progress on access to modern energy, and seeing their economies and their demand for energy grow strongly.
Energy security is a key determinant of energy policies. While energy security is a broad term that includes affordability and supply chain resilience, an often cited metric is import dependence on fuels, notably oil, natural gas and coal. Several large economies are net importers of energy. These include Japan, Korea, European Union, India and China. Others, notably the Middle East, Eurasia, Africa and the United States, are net exporters of energy. A high level of import dependence can act as a spur to boost renewable and nuclear energy, diversify sources of supply and improve energy efficiency.
This chapter explores energy pathways in different countries and regions. It also includes a deep dive into a pertinent topic for each region. For the United States, Latin America and Africa, we explore themes that focus on the development of domestic resources. For India, Southeast Asia and the Middle East, we explore the strategies and policies being deployed to manage energy demand growth in ways that are aligned with country and regional priorities. For the European Union, Japan and Korea, we explore themes of competitiveness and energy security. We also explore the future of coal demand in China, and prospects for natural gas exports from Russia.
Chapter 8 begins on page 357 of the 519 page PDF and is structured thusly:
Regional insights 357
8.1 Introduction.......................................................................................... 359
8.2 United States ........................................................................................ 363
8.3 Latin America and the Caribbean ................................................................ 369
8.4 European Union...................................................................................... 373
8.5 Africa ................................................................................................. 378
8.6 Middle East ........................................................................................... 382
8.7 Eurasia ................................................................................................ 386
8.8 China................................................................................................... 390
8.9 India ................................................................................................... 394
8.10 Japan and Korea ................................................................................... 398
8.11 Southeast Asia ...................................................................................... 402
