The Chinese seem to be pretty good negotiators.
Like the Indians and the Jews, having a five thousand year history of doing same seems to be an advantage.
From Nikkei Asia, October 9:
Mining and processing technologies, companies outside country subject to licensing
China on Thursday announced a flurry of new export controls on rare earths, lithium-ion batteries, and synthetic diamonds to "safeguard national security and interests."
The Ministry of Commerce added five rare-earth elements to its control list, including holmium and erbium, which have diverse applications, including in laser technology. The items will be subject to export licensing requirements from Nov. 8, the ministry said, on top of seven elements placed under restrictions in April.
Various rare-earth production and processing equipment will also be subject to export controls, as well as lithium-ion batteries and cathode materials used to make them.
In a Q&A published on the ministry's website, an unnamed spokesperson said the measures "are not targeted at any country or region." The person added that it has "already notified the relevant countries and regions."
The same day, the commerce ministry announced new rules prohibiting unauthorized export of technologies related to rare-earth mining, processing and magnet manufacturing. These measures take effect immediately.
The ministry said "foreign organizations and individuals" must also obtain a license to export items manufactured abroad to a third country if they contain certain rare-earth elements, such as samarium and terbium, of Chinese origin or were made using Chinese technologies. This international expansion of Beijing's oversight takes effect Dec. 1.
Licenses will not be granted for exports to foreign militaries and entities on China's control or watch lists, the ministry said. Applications for research and development or production of certain types of semiconductors and AI technologies with potential military applications will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis.
It is unclear how the ministry plans to enforce export controls on companies operating beyond China's borders.
The measures, announced as China returned to business after a weeklong holiday, were revealed about three weeks before an anticipated meeting between U.S. President Donald Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping at the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit in South Korea. Rare earths have been a focal point of trade negotiations between the superpowers, with Trump demanding access to the crucial materials....
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